|
The Partition of India was the partition of the Presidencies and provinces of British India that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan (it later split into Pakistan and Bangladesh) and the Union of India (later Republic of India) on 15 August 1947. "Partition" here refers not only to the division of the Bengal province of British India into East Pakistan and West Bengal (India), and the similar partition of the Punjab Province into Punjab (West Pakistan) and Punjab, India, but also to the respective divisions of other assets, including the British Indian Army, the Indian Civil Service and other administrative services, the railways, and the central treasury. In the riots which preceded the partition in the Punjab Province, between 200,000 and 500,000 people were killed in the retributive genocide between the religions.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】work= Encyclopedia Britannica )〕 UNHCR estimates 14 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims were displaced during the partition; it was the largest mass migration in human history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bab0.pdf )〕 The secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971 is not covered by the term ''Partition of India'', nor is the earlier separation of Burma (now known as Myanmar) from the administration of British India, or the even earlier separation of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). The coastal area of Ceylon was part of the Madras Presidency of British India from 1795 until 1798 when it became a separate Crown Colony of the Empire. Burma, gradually annexed by the British during 1826–86 and governed as a part of the British Indian administration until 1937, was directly administered thereafter.〔(Sword For Pen ), ''Time'', 12 April 1937〕 Burma was granted independence on 4 January 1948 and Ceylon on 4 February 1948. (See History of Sri Lanka and History of Burma.) Bhutan, Nepal and the Maldives, the remaining countries of present-day South Asia, were unaffected by the partition. The first two, Nepal and Bhutan, having signed treaties with the British designating them as ''independent states'', were never a part of the British Indian Empire, and therefore their borders were unaffected by the partition of India.〔("Nepal." ) Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. (Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. "Bhutan." )〕 The Maldives, which had become a protectorate of the British crown in 1887 and gained its independence in 1965, was also unaffected by the partition. ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「partition of india」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|